NEWS:
5/1/25
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MICROGROVE Housing - Finalist
LATEST:
MCROH
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Birdseye Grove Perspective
Perspective of researchers studying the permaculture aquatic plants and algae growth farming integrated
Site plan showing the MICROGROVE 3D printed housing community off-shore within the Biscayne Bay National ParkSite plan showing the MICROGROVE 3D printed housing community off-shore within the Biscayne Bay National ParkSite plan showing the MICROGROVE 3D printed housing community off-shore within the Biscayne Bay National ParkSite plan showing the MICROGROVE 3D printed housing community off-shore within the Biscayne Bay National Park
Section drawing of the CART project showing the housing lifted above the public alleyway and the shared communal spacesSection drawing of the CART project showing the housing lifted above the public alleyway and the shared communal spacesSection drawing of the CART project showing the housing lifted above the public alleyway and the shared communal spacesSection drawing of the CART project showing the housing lifted above the public alleyway and the shared communal spaces
Linear urban section illustrating the scale and massing of housing above the Phoenix lightrail by student Lexi SanchezLinear urban section illustrating the scale and massing of housing above the Phoenix lightrail by student Lexi SanchezLinear urban section illustrating the scale and massing of housing above the Phoenix lightrail by student Lexi SanchezLinear urban section illustrating the scale and massing of housing above the Phoenix lightrail by student Lexi Sanchez
Early massing study of a dense horizontal volume of housing within downtown Phoenix by student Brennan RichardsEarly massing study of a dense horizontal volume of housing within downtown Phoenix by student Brennan RichardsEarly massing study of a dense horizontal volume of housing within downtown Phoenix by student Brennan RichardsEarly massing study of a dense horizontal volume of housing within downtown Phoenix by student Brennan Richards
Perspective showing the massing density of individual housing units and open spaces in student Melissa Quinones' proposalPerspective showing the massing density of individual housing units and open spaces in student Melissa Quinones' proposalPerspective showing the massing density of individual housing units and open spaces in student Melissa Quinones' proposalPerspective showing the massing density of individual housing units and open spaces in student Melissa Quinones' proposal
Section drawing showing the scale and relationship of the PEP canopy with the palms and university buildings along Palm WalkSection drawing showing the scale and relationship of the PEP canopy with the palms and university buildings along Palm WalkSection drawing showing the scale and relationship of the PEP canopy with the palms and university buildings along Palm WalkSection drawing showing the scale and relationship of the PEP canopy with the palms and university buildings along Palm Walk
Perspective looking at attached visitor path along the top of the RACA gallery for public participation in leaving carvingsPerspective looking at attached visitor path along the top of the RACA gallery for public participation in leaving carvingsPerspective looking at attached visitor path along the top of the RACA gallery for public participation in leaving carvingsPerspective looking at attached visitor path along the top of the RACA gallery for public participation in leaving carvings
Scaled group of 3D fixtures created for the dimensions.com databaseScaled group of 3D fixtures created for the dimensions.com databaseScaled group of 3D fixtures created for the dimensions.com databaseScaled group of 3D fixtures created for the dimensions.com database
Model showing the layered facade and the floating golden cube of the upper SPCS public galleriesModel showing the layered facade and the floating golden cube of the upper SPCS public galleriesModel showing the layered facade and the floating golden cube of the upper SPCS public galleriesModel showing the layered facade and the floating golden cube of the upper SPCS public galleries
Series of concept sketches for informal structural systems that can be tilted up for the CTST housing infillSeries of concept sketches for informal structural systems that can be tilted up for the CTST housing infillSeries of concept sketches for informal structural systems that can be tilted up for the CTST housing infillSeries of concept sketches for informal structural systems that can be tilted up for the CTST housing infill
Series of aerials showing the ability to transform suburban communities into a natural landscape by student Amberley JohnsonSeries of aerials showing the ability to transform suburban communities into a natural landscape by student Amberley JohnsonSeries of aerials showing the ability to transform suburban communities into a natural landscape by student Amberley JohnsonSeries of aerials showing the ability to transform suburban communities into a natural landscape by student Amberley Johnson
Series of 2D drawings of various 2D objects from dimensions.comSeries of 2D drawings of various 2D objects from dimensions.comSeries of 2D drawings of various 2D objects from dimensions.comSeries of 2D drawings of various 2D objects from dimensions.com
Section of the thin 16' alleyway profile infilled by the CART project revealing the relationship to the adjacent rooflinesSection of the thin 16' alleyway profile infilled by the CART project revealing the relationship to the adjacent rooflinesSection of the thin 16' alleyway profile infilled by the CART project revealing the relationship to the adjacent rooflinesSection of the thin 16' alleyway profile infilled by the CART project revealing the relationship to the adjacent rooflines
Elevation drawing of the skinny housing cylinder with units and shared spaces weaving throughout the FVDC towerElevation drawing of the skinny housing cylinder with units and shared spaces weaving throughout the FVDC towerElevation drawing of the skinny housing cylinder with units and shared spaces weaving throughout the FVDC towerElevation drawing of the skinny housing cylinder with units and shared spaces weaving throughout the FVDC tower
Nighttime perspective showing the final phase construction of the YELE music studios lighting up the open public spaceNighttime perspective showing the final phase construction of the YELE music studios lighting up the open public spaceNighttime perspective showing the final phase construction of the YELE music studios lighting up the open public spaceNighttime perspective showing the final phase construction of the YELE music studios lighting up the open public space
Collage landscape perspective of a future Phoenix of independent cities scattered in the desert by student Kyron HardyCollage landscape perspective of a future Phoenix of independent cities scattered in the desert by student Kyron HardyCollage landscape perspective of a future Phoenix of independent cities scattered in the desert by student Kyron HardyCollage landscape perspective of a future Phoenix of independent cities scattered in the desert by student Kyron Hardy
Series of 2D drawings of various 2D digital objects from dimensions.comSeries of 2D drawings of various 2D digital objects from dimensions.comSeries of 2D drawings of various 2D digital objects from dimensions.comSeries of 2D drawings of various 2D digital objects from dimensions.com
Section sketch looking at the assembly system for delivery multiple components of a house at will in FVDCSection sketch looking at the assembly system for delivery multiple components of a house at will in FVDCSection sketch looking at the assembly system for delivery multiple components of a house at will in FVDCSection sketch looking at the assembly system for delivery multiple components of a house at will in FVDC
Section study of a community of housing set against the Superstition Mountains by student Claire HinchmanSection study of a community of housing set against the Superstition Mountains by student Claire HinchmanSection study of a community of housing set against the Superstition Mountains by student Claire HinchmanSection study of a community of housing set against the Superstition Mountains by student Claire Hinchman
Series of 3D models of various 3D furniture from dimensions.comSeries of 3D models of various 3D furniture from dimensions.comSeries of 3D models of various 3D furniture from dimensions.comSeries of 3D models of various 3D furniture from dimensions.com
Site plan of a massing set with the farmable landscapes on the perimeter of Phoenix by student Zihao LiSite plan of a massing set with the farmable landscapes on the perimeter of Phoenix by student Zihao LiSite plan of a massing set with the farmable landscapes on the perimeter of Phoenix by student Zihao LiSite plan of a massing set with the farmable landscapes on the perimeter of Phoenix by student Zihao Li
Drawing showing the fragmented and isolated relationships of the UI buildings to each other requiring island wanderingDrawing showing the fragmented and isolated relationships of the UI buildings to each other requiring island wanderingDrawing showing the fragmented and isolated relationships of the UI buildings to each other requiring island wanderingDrawing showing the fragmented and isolated relationships of the UI buildings to each other requiring island wandering
Perspective of the wash between the RACA addition and the petroglyph mound and trailPerspective of the wash between the RACA addition and the petroglyph mound and trailPerspective of the wash between the RACA addition and the petroglyph mound and trailPerspective of the wash between the RACA addition and the petroglyph mound and trail
Regional plan for a series of aquatic and interconnected circular cities set within the Saguaro Lake by student Haodong GongRegional plan for a series of aquatic and interconnected circular cities set within the Saguaro Lake by student Haodong GongRegional plan for a series of aquatic and interconnected circular cities set within the Saguaro Lake by student Haodong GongRegional plan for a series of aquatic and interconnected circular cities set within the Saguaro Lake by student Haodong Gong
Collection of photos along Park Avenue documenting the underutilized spaces that could be used for infill housing via ININCollection of photos along Park Avenue documenting the underutilized spaces that could be used for infill housing via ININCollection of photos along Park Avenue documenting the underutilized spaces that could be used for infill housing via ININCollection of photos along Park Avenue documenting the underutilized spaces that could be used for infill housing via ININ
Trio of collective unit studies impacting the overall massing of terraced housing by student Miguel Ceniseros NunezTrio of collective unit studies impacting the overall massing of terraced housing by student Miguel Ceniseros NunezTrio of collective unit studies impacting the overall massing of terraced housing by student Miguel Ceniseros NunezTrio of collective unit studies impacting the overall massing of terraced housing by student Miguel Ceniseros Nunez
Early massing study looking at the potential for a thickened wall-like mass creating micro-climates by student Marcia IbarraEarly massing study looking at the potential for a thickened wall-like mass creating micro-climates by student Marcia IbarraEarly massing study looking at the potential for a thickened wall-like mass creating micro-climates by student Marcia IbarraEarly massing study looking at the potential for a thickened wall-like mass creating micro-climates by student Marcia Ibarra
Series of study sketches of a RACA gallery that slopes toward the desert landscape and shields from the adjacent suburbsSeries of study sketches of a RACA gallery that slopes toward the desert landscape and shields from the adjacent suburbsSeries of study sketches of a RACA gallery that slopes toward the desert landscape and shields from the adjacent suburbsSeries of study sketches of a RACA gallery that slopes toward the desert landscape and shields from the adjacent suburbs
Urban massing model for a series of landscape bars cut into the landscape by student Amberley JohnsonUrban massing model for a series of landscape bars cut into the landscape by student Amberley JohnsonUrban massing model for a series of landscape bars cut into the landscape by student Amberley JohnsonUrban massing model for a series of landscape bars cut into the landscape by student Amberley Johnson
Perspective of Park Avenue at Midtown with ININ infill housing massing located within the center medianPerspective of Park Avenue at Midtown with ININ infill housing massing located within the center medianPerspective of Park Avenue at Midtown with ININ infill housing massing located within the center medianPerspective of Park Avenue at Midtown with ININ infill housing massing located within the center median
Series of connected perspectives showing the transformation of golf courses into housing landscapes by student Lauren BennettSeries of connected perspectives showing the transformation of golf courses into housing landscapes by student Lauren BennettSeries of connected perspectives showing the transformation of golf courses into housing landscapes by student Lauren BennettSeries of connected perspectives showing the transformation of golf courses into housing landscapes by student Lauren Bennett
Massing perspective of a proposal for a self-sustaining community set in the desert landscape by student Monique PaulisMassing perspective of a proposal for a self-sustaining community set in the desert landscape by student Monique PaulisMassing perspective of a proposal for a self-sustaining community set in the desert landscape by student Monique PaulisMassing perspective of a proposal for a self-sustaining community set in the desert landscape by student Monique Paulis
Section perspective of the terraced housing lifted above the surface of Camelback Mountain by student Miguel Ceniseros NunezSection perspective of the terraced housing lifted above the surface of Camelback Mountain by student Miguel Ceniseros NunezSection perspective of the terraced housing lifted above the surface of Camelback Mountain by student Miguel Ceniseros NunezSection perspective of the terraced housing lifted above the surface of Camelback Mountain by student Miguel Ceniseros Nunez
An overall example of a grouped and overlapping Meta-Bench system hosting seating for many different peopleAn overall example of a grouped and overlapping Meta-Bench system hosting seating for many different peopleAn overall example of a grouped and overlapping Meta-Bench system hosting seating for many different peopleAn overall example of a grouped and overlapping Meta-Bench system hosting seating for many different people
Exploded axon diagram of a concept proposal to develop housing about the highway interchange by student Genevieve MillerExploded axon diagram of a concept proposal to develop housing about the highway interchange by student Genevieve MillerExploded axon diagram of a concept proposal to develop housing about the highway interchange by student Genevieve MillerExploded axon diagram of a concept proposal to develop housing about the highway interchange by student Genevieve Miller
Perspective within a new modular urban infrastructure of transport and housing that grows over Phoenix by student Amy DickerPerspective within a new modular urban infrastructure of transport and housing that grows over Phoenix by student Amy DickerPerspective within a new modular urban infrastructure of transport and housing that grows over Phoenix by student Amy DickerPerspective within a new modular urban infrastructure of transport and housing that grows over Phoenix by student Amy Dicker
Plan view showing the growth of lifted city above Phoenix by student Brennan RichardsPlan view showing the growth of lifted city above Phoenix by student Brennan RichardsPlan view showing the growth of lifted city above Phoenix by student Brennan RichardsPlan view showing the growth of lifted city above Phoenix by student Brennan Richards
Section sketch studying the inversion of public space into the SPCS research center from the park and hockey rink belowSection sketch studying the inversion of public space into the SPCS research center from the park and hockey rink belowSection sketch studying the inversion of public space into the SPCS research center from the park and hockey rink belowSection sketch studying the inversion of public space into the SPCS research center from the park and hockey rink below
Pair of study models looking at the two endpoints of the HEL insertion with relationships to the mountain suburbs and the seaPair of study models looking at the two endpoints of the HEL insertion with relationships to the mountain suburbs and the seaPair of study models looking at the two endpoints of the HEL insertion with relationships to the mountain suburbs and the seaPair of study models looking at the two endpoints of the HEL insertion with relationships to the mountain suburbs and the sea
Urban plan showing the possible underdeveloped sites for housing in Manhattan—adding Park Avenue ININ site as a possibilityUrban plan showing the possible underdeveloped sites for housing in Manhattan—adding Park Avenue ININ site as a possibilityUrban plan showing the possible underdeveloped sites for housing in Manhattan—adding Park Avenue ININ site as a possibilityUrban plan showing the possible underdeveloped sites for housing in Manhattan—adding Park Avenue ININ site as a possibility
Concept diagram showing a strategy for terraced retreat from the rising water levels and storms below CISLConcept diagram showing a strategy for terraced retreat from the rising water levels and storms below CISLConcept diagram showing a strategy for terraced retreat from the rising water levels and storms below CISLConcept diagram showing a strategy for terraced retreat from the rising water levels and storms below CISL
Collage perspective studying the possibility of a hybrid housing and farming typology around Phoenix by student Zihao LiCollage perspective studying the possibility of a hybrid housing and farming typology around Phoenix by student Zihao LiCollage perspective studying the possibility of a hybrid housing and farming typology around Phoenix by student Zihao LiCollage perspective studying the possibility of a hybrid housing and farming typology around Phoenix by student Zihao Li
Study sketch illustrating the morphing nature of the PEP shade canopy system with hydraulics that shift the shapeStudy sketch illustrating the morphing nature of the PEP shade canopy system with hydraulics that shift the shapeStudy sketch illustrating the morphing nature of the PEP shade canopy system with hydraulics that shift the shapeStudy sketch illustrating the morphing nature of the PEP shade canopy system with hydraulics that shift the shape
Sequence of construction strategies for building two units of CTST compressed housing from a void belowSequence of construction strategies for building two units of CTST compressed housing from a void belowSequence of construction strategies for building two units of CTST compressed housing from a void belowSequence of construction strategies for building two units of CTST compressed housing from a void below
Diagram showing the concept of AIKIDO which will accept the increase of storms to generate momentum for rebuilding CISLDiagram showing the concept of AIKIDO which will accept the increase of storms to generate momentum for rebuilding CISLDiagram showing the concept of AIKIDO which will accept the increase of storms to generate momentum for rebuilding CISLDiagram showing the concept of AIKIDO which will accept the increase of storms to generate momentum for rebuilding CISL
Animation of linear urban precedents through history to inform the strategy of HELAnimation of linear urban precedents through history to inform the strategy of HELAnimation of linear urban precedents through history to inform the strategy of HELAnimation of linear urban precedents through history to inform the strategy of HEL
Section of the ININ housing infill illustrating the potential to add connections and links to adjacent public spacesSection of the ININ housing infill illustrating the potential to add connections and links to adjacent public spacesSection of the ININ housing infill illustrating the potential to add connections and links to adjacent public spacesSection of the ININ housing infill illustrating the potential to add connections and links to adjacent public spaces
Section drawing cutting through the road, the DM performance hall, and the Queensboro Bridge Section drawing cutting through the road, the DM performance hall, and the Queensboro Bridge Section drawing cutting through the road, the DM performance hall, and the Queensboro Bridge Section drawing cutting through the road, the DM performance hall, and the Queensboro Bridge
Grid of daily photo uploads from an effort to capture commonplace urban relationships in Hong KongGrid of daily photo uploads from an effort to capture commonplace urban relationships in Hong KongGrid of daily photo uploads from an effort to capture commonplace urban relationships in Hong KongGrid of daily photo uploads from an effort to capture commonplace urban relationships in Hong Kong
Conceptual image of a dense future city born of organic forms that contrast existing Phoenix forms by student Brayan MunozConceptual image of a dense future city born of organic forms that contrast existing Phoenix forms by student Brayan MunozConceptual image of a dense future city born of organic forms that contrast existing Phoenix forms by student Brayan MunozConceptual image of a dense future city born of organic forms that contrast existing Phoenix forms by student Brayan Munoz
Plan drawing of the cabin spaces of the MICROGROVE 3D printed house combining the lounge and galley kitchen/bathPlan drawing of the cabin spaces of the MICROGROVE 3D printed house combining the lounge and galley kitchen/bathPlan drawing of the cabin spaces of the MICROGROVE 3D printed house combining the lounge and galley kitchen/bathPlan drawing of the cabin spaces of the MICROGROVE 3D printed house combining the lounge and galley kitchen/bath
Photo of an accumulation of gray housing towers set within a park in Hong KongPhoto of an accumulation of gray housing towers set within a park in Hong KongPhoto of an accumulation of gray housing towers set within a park in Hong KongPhoto of an accumulation of gray housing towers set within a park in Hong Kong
Study model of a floating RACA gallery mass floating above the existing visitor center with a skin made of shifting symbolsStudy model of a floating RACA gallery mass floating above the existing visitor center with a skin made of shifting symbolsStudy model of a floating RACA gallery mass floating above the existing visitor center with a skin made of shifting symbolsStudy model of a floating RACA gallery mass floating above the existing visitor center with a skin made of shifting symbols
Section perspective drawing of the proposal by student Stephen Adrian for a community carved into the mountain contoursSection perspective drawing of the proposal by student Stephen Adrian for a community carved into the mountain contoursSection perspective drawing of the proposal by student Stephen Adrian for a community carved into the mountain contoursSection perspective drawing of the proposal by student Stephen Adrian for a community carved into the mountain contours
Exploded diagram of the RACA gallery showing the lower gallery spaces, the viewing deck, and the upper cladding systemExploded diagram of the RACA gallery showing the lower gallery spaces, the viewing deck, and the upper cladding systemExploded diagram of the RACA gallery showing the lower gallery spaces, the viewing deck, and the upper cladding systemExploded diagram of the RACA gallery showing the lower gallery spaces, the viewing deck, and the upper cladding system
Urban plan showcasing modular housing masses merging with valleys of Phoenician mountains by student Lamarra CarterUrban plan showcasing modular housing masses merging with valleys of Phoenician mountains by student Lamarra CarterUrban plan showcasing modular housing masses merging with valleys of Phoenician mountains by student Lamarra CarterUrban plan showcasing modular housing masses merging with valleys of Phoenician mountains by student Lamarra Carter
Multiple perspectives of the two public auditoria located through the vertical exhibition path of the SPCS HQMultiple perspectives of the two public auditoria located through the vertical exhibition path of the SPCS HQMultiple perspectives of the two public auditoria located through the vertical exhibition path of the SPCS HQMultiple perspectives of the two public auditoria located through the vertical exhibition path of the SPCS HQ
Aerial image of the GBN Mass straddling the highway, the public plaza, and the waterfront beachAerial image of the GBN Mass straddling the highway, the public plaza, and the waterfront beachAerial image of the GBN Mass straddling the highway, the public plaza, and the waterfront beachAerial image of the GBN Mass straddling the highway, the public plaza, and the waterfront beach
Animation showing various approaches to the massing of the exterior public space over the internal YELE studiosAnimation showing various approaches to the massing of the exterior public space over the internal YELE studiosAnimation showing various approaches to the massing of the exterior public space over the internal YELE studiosAnimation showing various approaches to the massing of the exterior public space over the internal YELE studios
Animation of the phased plan for establishing the CISL infrastructure that will accept and allow for land transformationsAnimation of the phased plan for establishing the CISL infrastructure that will accept and allow for land transformationsAnimation of the phased plan for establishing the CISL infrastructure that will accept and allow for land transformationsAnimation of the phased plan for establishing the CISL infrastructure that will accept and allow for land transformations
Grid of daily photos taken in Hong Kong documenting typical forms of urban buildingsGrid of daily photos taken in Hong Kong documenting typical forms of urban buildingsGrid of daily photos taken in Hong Kong documenting typical forms of urban buildingsGrid of daily photos taken in Hong Kong documenting typical forms of urban buildings
Poster from Rejected: Architectural Drawings & Their Stories put on by Team B and Knowlton School of ArchitecturePoster from Rejected: Architectural Drawings & Their Stories put on by Team B and Knowlton School of ArchitecturePoster from Rejected: Architectural Drawings & Their Stories put on by Team B and Knowlton School of ArchitecturePoster from Rejected: Architectural Drawings & Their Stories put on by Team B and Knowlton School of Architecture
Perspective from the terrace decks of the combined farming and tower typology proposed by student Zihao LIPerspective from the terrace decks of the combined farming and tower typology proposed by student Zihao LIPerspective from the terrace decks of the combined farming and tower typology proposed by student Zihao LIPerspective from the terrace decks of the combined farming and tower typology proposed by student Zihao LI
Aerial perspective of an urban mass that adds density and shades Phoenix's Margaret T Hance Park by student Yamileth PonceAerial perspective of an urban mass that adds density and shades Phoenix's Margaret T Hance Park by student Yamileth PonceAerial perspective of an urban mass that adds density and shades Phoenix's Margaret T Hance Park by student Yamileth PonceAerial perspective of an urban mass that adds density and shades Phoenix's Margaret T Hance Park by student Yamileth Ponce
Site plan diagramming public and private circulation around the alleyway infill site of the CART food cart housing projectSite plan diagramming public and private circulation around the alleyway infill site of the CART food cart housing projectSite plan diagramming public and private circulation around the alleyway infill site of the CART food cart housing projectSite plan diagramming public and private circulation around the alleyway infill site of the CART food cart housing project
Collection of various sized diamond units showing the relationship between spaces by student Brennan RichardsCollection of various sized diamond units showing the relationship between spaces by student Brennan RichardsCollection of various sized diamond units showing the relationship between spaces by student Brennan RichardsCollection of various sized diamond units showing the relationship between spaces by student Brennan Richards
Animation of a strategy to return the suburbs into native desert landscapes over time by student Amberley JohnsonAnimation of a strategy to return the suburbs into native desert landscapes over time by student Amberley JohnsonAnimation of a strategy to return the suburbs into native desert landscapes over time by student Amberley JohnsonAnimation of a strategy to return the suburbs into native desert landscapes over time by student Amberley Johnson
Temporal development of an organic infill city proposed by student Brayan Munoz illustrated through shifting elevationsTemporal development of an organic infill city proposed by student Brayan Munoz illustrated through shifting elevationsTemporal development of an organic infill city proposed by student Brayan Munoz illustrated through shifting elevationsTemporal development of an organic infill city proposed by student Brayan Munoz illustrated through shifting elevations
Series of conceptual massing models organizing performance spaces and public paths connecting the DM project to the bridgeSeries of conceptual massing models organizing performance spaces and public paths connecting the DM project to the bridgeSeries of conceptual massing models organizing performance spaces and public paths connecting the DM project to the bridgeSeries of conceptual massing models organizing performance spaces and public paths connecting the DM project to the bridge
Mass study separating communal and private facilities within a stepped mountainous landscape by student Camille MedeirosMass study separating communal and private facilities within a stepped mountainous landscape by student Camille MedeirosMass study separating communal and private facilities within a stepped mountainous landscape by student Camille MedeirosMass study separating communal and private facilities within a stepped mountainous landscape by student Camille Medeiros
A single example of two Meta-Bench seats inserted into a three-base frameworkA single example of two Meta-Bench seats inserted into a three-base frameworkA single example of two Meta-Bench seats inserted into a three-base frameworkA single example of two Meta-Bench seats inserted into a three-base framework
Model showing the GBN located at the intersection of the highway, park, and neighborhood reacting to each forceModel showing the GBN located at the intersection of the highway, park, and neighborhood reacting to each forceModel showing the GBN located at the intersection of the highway, park, and neighborhood reacting to each forceModel showing the GBN located at the intersection of the highway, park, and neighborhood reacting to each force