Aerial perspective of the clustered MICROGROVE 3D printed house layout connecting units side by side with gangways
Perspective collage looking through the porous shelter of the UI library building through to the Venetian lagoonPerspective collage looking through the porous shelter of the UI library building through to the Venetian lagoonPerspective collage looking through the porous shelter of the UI library building through to the Venetian lagoonPerspective collage looking through the porous shelter of the UI library building through to the Venetian lagoon
Aerial photo showing the infill site used for QTCT in relation to the beach and the bay along Mission Beach, San DiegoAerial photo showing the infill site used for QTCT in relation to the beach and the bay along Mission Beach, San DiegoAerial photo showing the infill site used for QTCT in relation to the beach and the bay along Mission Beach, San DiegoAerial photo showing the infill site used for QTCT in relation to the beach and the bay along Mission Beach, San Diego
Long section of mountain housing that cuts across Camelback Mountain in Phoenix by student Lindsey GriffithLong section of mountain housing that cuts across Camelback Mountain in Phoenix by student Lindsey GriffithLong section of mountain housing that cuts across Camelback Mountain in Phoenix by student Lindsey GriffithLong section of mountain housing that cuts across Camelback Mountain in Phoenix by student Lindsey Griffith
Sectional drawing cutting through the stacked housing volumes connected to new regional transit by student Weicheng WangSectional drawing cutting through the stacked housing volumes connected to new regional transit by student Weicheng WangSectional drawing cutting through the stacked housing volumes connected to new regional transit by student Weicheng WangSectional drawing cutting through the stacked housing volumes connected to new regional transit by student Weicheng Wang
Exploded axon of the multiple connections and additions attached to the HEL linear bars throughout the airport intersectionExploded axon of the multiple connections and additions attached to the HEL linear bars throughout the airport intersectionExploded axon of the multiple connections and additions attached to the HEL linear bars throughout the airport intersectionExploded axon of the multiple connections and additions attached to the HEL linear bars throughout the airport intersection
Conceptual urban sections studied at various scales for a flat and high density urbanism in Phoenix by student Ian BirlConceptual urban sections studied at various scales for a flat and high density urbanism in Phoenix by student Ian BirlConceptual urban sections studied at various scales for a flat and high density urbanism in Phoenix by student Ian BirlConceptual urban sections studied at various scales for a flat and high density urbanism in Phoenix by student Ian Birl
Sequence of drawings proposing that hybrid ININ housing infrastructure be made for the demand of the people of the citySequence of drawings proposing that hybrid ININ housing infrastructure be made for the demand of the people of the citySequence of drawings proposing that hybrid ININ housing infrastructure be made for the demand of the people of the citySequence of drawings proposing that hybrid ININ housing infrastructure be made for the demand of the people of the city
Cluster of vertical housing towers set within a mountain forest in Hong KongCluster of vertical housing towers set within a mountain forest in Hong KongCluster of vertical housing towers set within a mountain forest in Hong KongCluster of vertical housing towers set within a mountain forest in Hong Kong
Front elevation of the FWISP pavilion Winter Station showing the lake beyondFront elevation of the FWISP pavilion Winter Station showing the lake beyondFront elevation of the FWISP pavilion Winter Station showing the lake beyondFront elevation of the FWISP pavilion Winter Station showing the lake beyond
Pair of study aerial perspectives of SPCS looking into the main gallery space and above the layered roof decksPair of study aerial perspectives of SPCS looking into the main gallery space and above the layered roof decksPair of study aerial perspectives of SPCS looking into the main gallery space and above the layered roof decksPair of study aerial perspectives of SPCS looking into the main gallery space and above the layered roof decks
Perspective of visitors gathering around the FWISP pavilion at the Toronto Winter Station eventsPerspective of visitors gathering around the FWISP pavilion at the Toronto Winter Station eventsPerspective of visitors gathering around the FWISP pavilion at the Toronto Winter Station eventsPerspective of visitors gathering around the FWISP pavilion at the Toronto Winter Station events
Perspective imagining the peace loving sentiment of community that has fled Phoenix by student Camille MedeirosPerspective imagining the peace loving sentiment of community that has fled Phoenix by student Camille MedeirosPerspective imagining the peace loving sentiment of community that has fled Phoenix by student Camille MedeirosPerspective imagining the peace loving sentiment of community that has fled Phoenix by student Camille Medeiros
Axonometric animation showing the various layers of the CTST project from columns to circulation and unit spacesAxonometric animation showing the various layers of the CTST project from columns to circulation and unit spacesAxonometric animation showing the various layers of the CTST project from columns to circulation and unit spacesAxonometric animation showing the various layers of the CTST project from columns to circulation and unit spaces
Stepping housing section showing the units, gradens and circulation of the funnel-shaped forms by student Brandon ShiehStepping housing section showing the units, gradens and circulation of the funnel-shaped forms by student Brandon ShiehStepping housing section showing the units, gradens and circulation of the funnel-shaped forms by student Brandon ShiehStepping housing section showing the units, gradens and circulation of the funnel-shaped forms by student Brandon Shieh
In progress study section for a new lifted urban infrastructure that hovers lightly above Phoenix by student Amy DickerIn progress study section for a new lifted urban infrastructure that hovers lightly above Phoenix by student Amy DickerIn progress study section for a new lifted urban infrastructure that hovers lightly above Phoenix by student Amy DickerIn progress study section for a new lifted urban infrastructure that hovers lightly above Phoenix by student Amy Dicker
Aerial perspective representing student Brandon Shieh's proposal of zone between the industrial and downtown zones of PhoenixAerial perspective representing student Brandon Shieh's proposal of zone between the industrial and downtown zones of PhoenixAerial perspective representing student Brandon Shieh's proposal of zone between the industrial and downtown zones of PhoenixAerial perspective representing student Brandon Shieh's proposal of zone between the industrial and downtown zones of Phoenix
Urban plan drawing depicting the various connective housing ribbons looping between golf holes by student Adrisda MaulsiUrban plan drawing depicting the various connective housing ribbons looping between golf holes by student Adrisda MaulsiUrban plan drawing depicting the various connective housing ribbons looping between golf holes by student Adrisda MaulsiUrban plan drawing depicting the various connective housing ribbons looping between golf holes by student Adrisda Maulsi
Scale model showing the entire kit of parts needed to assemble the FWISP pavilion for Winter StationsScale model showing the entire kit of parts needed to assemble the FWISP pavilion for Winter StationsScale model showing the entire kit of parts needed to assemble the FWISP pavilion for Winter StationsScale model showing the entire kit of parts needed to assemble the FWISP pavilion for Winter Stations
Scaled group of 2D transport vehicles drawn for the dimensions.com databaseScaled group of 2D transport vehicles drawn for the dimensions.com databaseScaled group of 2D transport vehicles drawn for the dimensions.com databaseScaled group of 2D transport vehicles drawn for the dimensions.com database
Site plan drawing of a porous limit to Phoenix made of stepping housing units by student Angel RodriguezSite plan drawing of a porous limit to Phoenix made of stepping housing units by student Angel RodriguezSite plan drawing of a porous limit to Phoenix made of stepping housing units by student Angel RodriguezSite plan drawing of a porous limit to Phoenix made of stepping housing units by student Angel Rodriguez
Aerial photograph of a massing model and digital massing model for a mixed-massing form of shifting boxes for QTCTAerial photograph of a massing model and digital massing model for a mixed-massing form of shifting boxes for QTCTAerial photograph of a massing model and digital massing model for a mixed-massing form of shifting boxes for QTCTAerial photograph of a massing model and digital massing model for a mixed-massing form of shifting boxes for QTCT
Botanical concept sketch of a typical mangrove plant with roots below the water and thin structure rising aboveBotanical concept sketch of a typical mangrove plant with roots below the water and thin structure rising aboveBotanical concept sketch of a typical mangrove plant with roots below the water and thin structure rising aboveBotanical concept sketch of a typical mangrove plant with roots below the water and thin structure rising above
Front perspective of a model showing various pyramidal forms stepping up the side of a mountain by student Lamarra CarterFront perspective of a model showing various pyramidal forms stepping up the side of a mountain by student Lamarra CarterFront perspective of a model showing various pyramidal forms stepping up the side of a mountain by student Lamarra CarterFront perspective of a model showing various pyramidal forms stepping up the side of a mountain by student Lamarra Carter
Urban plan showing the Salt River preserve in Phoenix infilled with housing and nature by student Kali NelsonUrban plan showing the Salt River preserve in Phoenix infilled with housing and nature by student Kali NelsonUrban plan showing the Salt River preserve in Phoenix infilled with housing and nature by student Kali NelsonUrban plan showing the Salt River preserve in Phoenix infilled with housing and nature by student Kali Nelson
Flat axonometric drawing illustrating the duality of the split park and city infill approaching from the northFlat axonometric drawing illustrating the duality of the split park and city infill approaching from the northFlat axonometric drawing illustrating the duality of the split park and city infill approaching from the northFlat axonometric drawing illustrating the duality of the split park and city infill approaching from the north
Detailed building diagram showing a terraced housing typology that combines farming and housing by student Zihao LiDetailed building diagram showing a terraced housing typology that combines farming and housing by student Zihao LiDetailed building diagram showing a terraced housing typology that combines farming and housing by student Zihao LiDetailed building diagram showing a terraced housing typology that combines farming and housing by student Zihao Li
Diagram animation of the various required components of the new GBN Ministry of Parks headquarters within the triangle formDiagram animation of the various required components of the new GBN Ministry of Parks headquarters within the triangle formDiagram animation of the various required components of the new GBN Ministry of Parks headquarters within the triangle formDiagram animation of the various required components of the new GBN Ministry of Parks headquarters within the triangle form
Concept diagram illustrating the growth of a border city on the fringe of Phoenix by student Nadya LakaevaConcept diagram illustrating the growth of a border city on the fringe of Phoenix by student Nadya LakaevaConcept diagram illustrating the growth of a border city on the fringe of Phoenix by student Nadya LakaevaConcept diagram illustrating the growth of a border city on the fringe of Phoenix by student Nadya Lakaeva
Animation of the three ambitions for reflection caused by the insertion of the HEL linear city into the urban fabricAnimation of the three ambitions for reflection caused by the insertion of the HEL linear city into the urban fabricAnimation of the three ambitions for reflection caused by the insertion of the HEL linear city into the urban fabricAnimation of the three ambitions for reflection caused by the insertion of the HEL linear city into the urban fabric
Series of diagrams illustrating the relationship between the unit volumes, the central shaft and the FVDC structural systemSeries of diagrams illustrating the relationship between the unit volumes, the central shaft and the FVDC structural systemSeries of diagrams illustrating the relationship between the unit volumes, the central shaft and the FVDC structural systemSeries of diagrams illustrating the relationship between the unit volumes, the central shaft and the FVDC structural system
Aerial perspective of two paired undulating housing bars tucked into Camelback Mountain by student Donglei CaoAerial perspective of two paired undulating housing bars tucked into Camelback Mountain by student Donglei CaoAerial perspective of two paired undulating housing bars tucked into Camelback Mountain by student Donglei CaoAerial perspective of two paired undulating housing bars tucked into Camelback Mountain by student Donglei Cao
Elevation drawing of the FW:ISP system in a typical Winter Station configuration with people and plantsElevation drawing of the FW:ISP system in a typical Winter Station configuration with people and plantsElevation drawing of the FW:ISP system in a typical Winter Station configuration with people and plantsElevation drawing of the FW:ISP system in a typical Winter Station configuration with people and plants
Model showing a collection of linear units open to the elements and landscape microclimate beyond by student Kyron HardyModel showing a collection of linear units open to the elements and landscape microclimate beyond by student Kyron HardyModel showing a collection of linear units open to the elements and landscape microclimate beyond by student Kyron HardyModel showing a collection of linear units open to the elements and landscape microclimate beyond by student Kyron Hardy
Animated diagram showing the mutation of CISL as part natural ecology, part urban context, part absurd theme parkAnimated diagram showing the mutation of CISL as part natural ecology, part urban context, part absurd theme parkAnimated diagram showing the mutation of CISL as part natural ecology, part urban context, part absurd theme parkAnimated diagram showing the mutation of CISL as part natural ecology, part urban context, part absurd theme park
Exploded diagram pulling apart the various masses and circulation elements for an aquatic city by student Haodong GongExploded diagram pulling apart the various masses and circulation elements for an aquatic city by student Haodong GongExploded diagram pulling apart the various masses and circulation elements for an aquatic city by student Haodong GongExploded diagram pulling apart the various masses and circulation elements for an aquatic city by student Haodong Gong
Urban plan drawing of interconnected towers and shade platforms within an existing dry riverbed by student Brayan MunozUrban plan drawing of interconnected towers and shade platforms within an existing dry riverbed by student Brayan MunozUrban plan drawing of interconnected towers and shade platforms within an existing dry riverbed by student Brayan MunozUrban plan drawing of interconnected towers and shade platforms within an existing dry riverbed by student Brayan Munoz
Pair of model studies looking at the structural system and shelving systems stabilizing the CTST infill constructionPair of model studies looking at the structural system and shelving systems stabilizing the CTST infill constructionPair of model studies looking at the structural system and shelving systems stabilizing the CTST infill constructionPair of model studies looking at the structural system and shelving systems stabilizing the CTST infill construction
Unit plans and diagrams for three forms expandable forms of modular housing unit around infrastructure by student Amy DickerUnit plans and diagrams for three forms expandable forms of modular housing unit around infrastructure by student Amy DickerUnit plans and diagrams for three forms expandable forms of modular housing unit around infrastructure by student Amy DickerUnit plans and diagrams for three forms expandable forms of modular housing unit around infrastructure by student Amy Dicker
Units plans illustrating the various spaces and levels of an underground housing unit by student Amberley JohnsonUnits plans illustrating the various spaces and levels of an underground housing unit by student Amberley JohnsonUnits plans illustrating the various spaces and levels of an underground housing unit by student Amberley JohnsonUnits plans illustrating the various spaces and levels of an underground housing unit by student Amberley Johnson
Pair of elevations looking at using layers of material depth to emphasize various program zones within SPCSPair of elevations looking at using layers of material depth to emphasize various program zones within SPCSPair of elevations looking at using layers of material depth to emphasize various program zones within SPCSPair of elevations looking at using layers of material depth to emphasize various program zones within SPCS
Concept drawing imagining the potential of a floating vertical city above the Phoenix fabric by student Brennan RichardsConcept drawing imagining the potential of a floating vertical city above the Phoenix fabric by student Brennan RichardsConcept drawing imagining the potential of a floating vertical city above the Phoenix fabric by student Brennan RichardsConcept drawing imagining the potential of a floating vertical city above the Phoenix fabric by student Brennan Richards
Isometric drawing of a regional infrastructure of towers connected by housing and transport by student Amy DickerIsometric drawing of a regional infrastructure of towers connected by housing and transport by student Amy DickerIsometric drawing of a regional infrastructure of towers connected by housing and transport by student Amy DickerIsometric drawing of a regional infrastructure of towers connected by housing and transport by student Amy Dicker
Layered animation showing the circulation and programs of the GBN within the massing shell created by the urban forcesLayered animation showing the circulation and programs of the GBN within the massing shell created by the urban forcesLayered animation showing the circulation and programs of the GBN within the massing shell created by the urban forcesLayered animation showing the circulation and programs of the GBN within the massing shell created by the urban forces
Paired blue and yellow buildings on a street corner in Hong KongPaired blue and yellow buildings on a street corner in Hong KongPaired blue and yellow buildings on a street corner in Hong KongPaired blue and yellow buildings on a street corner in Hong Kong
Animation revealing the interplay of structural systems and mechanical systems for the SPCS research centerAnimation revealing the interplay of structural systems and mechanical systems for the SPCS research centerAnimation revealing the interplay of structural systems and mechanical systems for the SPCS research centerAnimation revealing the interplay of structural systems and mechanical systems for the SPCS research center
Perspective through the dense vegetation of UI of one of the nine housing and study towers embedded in the landscapePerspective through the dense vegetation of UI of one of the nine housing and study towers embedded in the landscapePerspective through the dense vegetation of UI of one of the nine housing and study towers embedded in the landscapePerspective through the dense vegetation of UI of one of the nine housing and study towers embedded in the landscape
Yellow tower and podium building set against the dense city of Hong KongYellow tower and podium building set against the dense city of Hong KongYellow tower and podium building set against the dense city of Hong KongYellow tower and podium building set against the dense city of Hong Kong
Perspectives of the digital and physical model of the Bum Box open frame concept for the QTCT projectPerspectives of the digital and physical model of the Bum Box open frame concept for the QTCT projectPerspectives of the digital and physical model of the Bum Box open frame concept for the QTCT projectPerspectives of the digital and physical model of the Bum Box open frame concept for the QTCT project
Site plan illustrating a lifted urban mass set above the landscape with voids by student Evan EppersonSite plan illustrating a lifted urban mass set above the landscape with voids by student Evan EppersonSite plan illustrating a lifted urban mass set above the landscape with voids by student Evan EppersonSite plan illustrating a lifted urban mass set above the landscape with voids by student Evan Epperson
Aerial perspective showing the layouts of stacked housing units along Camelback Mountain by student Donglei CaoAerial perspective showing the layouts of stacked housing units along Camelback Mountain by student Donglei CaoAerial perspective showing the layouts of stacked housing units along Camelback Mountain by student Donglei CaoAerial perspective showing the layouts of stacked housing units along Camelback Mountain by student Donglei Cao
External courtyard perspective of a modular housing proposal for Tempe, Arizona by student Weicheng WangExternal courtyard perspective of a modular housing proposal for Tempe, Arizona by student Weicheng WangExternal courtyard perspective of a modular housing proposal for Tempe, Arizona by student Weicheng WangExternal courtyard perspective of a modular housing proposal for Tempe, Arizona by student Weicheng Wang
Scaled group of 3D sporting topics modeled for the dimensions.com databaseScaled group of 3D sporting topics modeled for the dimensions.com databaseScaled group of 3D sporting topics modeled for the dimensions.com databaseScaled group of 3D sporting topics modeled for the dimensions.com database
Collage showing the raised park system connecting the various forms of housing across CISL safe from the shifting landscapeCollage showing the raised park system connecting the various forms of housing across CISL safe from the shifting landscapeCollage showing the raised park system connecting the various forms of housing across CISL safe from the shifting landscapeCollage showing the raised park system connecting the various forms of housing across CISL safe from the shifting landscape
Plan and axonometric drawing of visitors relaxing on towels on the urban beach below the UTO at MoMA PS1Plan and axonometric drawing of visitors relaxing on towels on the urban beach below the UTO at MoMA PS1Plan and axonometric drawing of visitors relaxing on towels on the urban beach below the UTO at MoMA PS1Plan and axonometric drawing of visitors relaxing on towels on the urban beach below the UTO at MoMA PS1
Context image of the local Mission Beach lifeguard tower as an inspiration for the materiality of the QTCT projectContext image of the local Mission Beach lifeguard tower as an inspiration for the materiality of the QTCT projectContext image of the local Mission Beach lifeguard tower as an inspiration for the materiality of the QTCT projectContext image of the local Mission Beach lifeguard tower as an inspiration for the materiality of the QTCT project
Section drawing of a new housing typology that combines a vertical tower and a horizontal slab by student Yuchen ZhaoSection drawing of a new housing typology that combines a vertical tower and a horizontal slab by student Yuchen ZhaoSection drawing of a new housing typology that combines a vertical tower and a horizontal slab by student Yuchen ZhaoSection drawing of a new housing typology that combines a vertical tower and a horizontal slab by student Yuchen Zhao
Drawing showing the various modular components for each of the phases of construction of the YELE studiosDrawing showing the various modular components for each of the phases of construction of the YELE studiosDrawing showing the various modular components for each of the phases of construction of the YELE studiosDrawing showing the various modular components for each of the phases of construction of the YELE studios
Perspective of the MICROGROVE 3D printed Biscayne Bay housing and research community with ongoing construction and wildlifePerspective of the MICROGROVE 3D printed Biscayne Bay housing and research community with ongoing construction and wildlifePerspective of the MICROGROVE 3D printed Biscayne Bay housing and research community with ongoing construction and wildlifePerspective of the MICROGROVE 3D printed Biscayne Bay housing and research community with ongoing construction and wildlife
Concept animation for channeling the forms of the desert into a new community by student Claire HinchmanConcept animation for channeling the forms of the desert into a new community by student Claire HinchmanConcept animation for channeling the forms of the desert into a new community by student Claire HinchmanConcept animation for channeling the forms of the desert into a new community by student Claire Hinchman
Perspective of the journey to the 3D printed housing community over the Biscayne Bay watersPerspective of the journey to the 3D printed housing community over the Biscayne Bay watersPerspective of the journey to the 3D printed housing community over the Biscayne Bay watersPerspective of the journey to the 3D printed housing community over the Biscayne Bay waters
Aerial of the corner of the GBN model showing the layers of gardens and public spaces and the stacked ecotourism helipadsAerial of the corner of the GBN model showing the layers of gardens and public spaces and the stacked ecotourism helipadsAerial of the corner of the GBN model showing the layers of gardens and public spaces and the stacked ecotourism helipadsAerial of the corner of the GBN model showing the layers of gardens and public spaces and the stacked ecotourism helipads
Section perspective study of stepped housing that follows the curves of Camelback Mountain by student Donglei CaoSection perspective study of stepped housing that follows the curves of Camelback Mountain by student Donglei CaoSection perspective study of stepped housing that follows the curves of Camelback Mountain by student Donglei CaoSection perspective study of stepped housing that follows the curves of Camelback Mountain by student Donglei Cao
Pair of detailed isometric drawings at the scale of the person and the joint of PEP showing how the components interactPair of detailed isometric drawings at the scale of the person and the joint of PEP showing how the components interactPair of detailed isometric drawings at the scale of the person and the joint of PEP showing how the components interactPair of detailed isometric drawings at the scale of the person and the joint of PEP showing how the components interact
Section illustrating the layers and functions within a proposed self-sustaining housing block by student Monique PaulisSection illustrating the layers and functions within a proposed self-sustaining housing block by student Monique PaulisSection illustrating the layers and functions within a proposed self-sustaining housing block by student Monique PaulisSection illustrating the layers and functions within a proposed self-sustaining housing block by student Monique Paulis
Urban model for a series of self-sustained circular housing blocks by student Huyen PhamUrban model for a series of self-sustained circular housing blocks by student Huyen PhamUrban model for a series of self-sustained circular housing blocks by student Huyen PhamUrban model for a series of self-sustained circular housing blocks by student Huyen Pham
Aerial perspective studying a clustered tower massing that stands within the fields of Phoenix by student Zihao LiAerial perspective studying a clustered tower massing that stands within the fields of Phoenix by student Zihao LiAerial perspective studying a clustered tower massing that stands within the fields of Phoenix by student Zihao LiAerial perspective studying a clustered tower massing that stands within the fields of Phoenix by student Zihao Li
Aerial site perspective of urban masses that collect and harvest water along the canal by student Isabelle BorieAerial site perspective of urban masses that collect and harvest water along the canal by student Isabelle BorieAerial site perspective of urban masses that collect and harvest water along the canal by student Isabelle BorieAerial site perspective of urban masses that collect and harvest water along the canal by student Isabelle Borie
Section of a standard housing pair with a roof farm, three floors of housing, and a covered path by student Alejandra LobatoSection of a standard housing pair with a roof farm, three floors of housing, and a covered path by student Alejandra LobatoSection of a standard housing pair with a roof farm, three floors of housing, and a covered path by student Alejandra LobatoSection of a standard housing pair with a roof farm, three floors of housing, and a covered path by student Alejandra Lobato
Plan study for a unit made up of multiple separable pie-wedge pieces by student Cecile KimPlan study for a unit made up of multiple separable pie-wedge pieces by student Cecile KimPlan study for a unit made up of multiple separable pie-wedge pieces by student Cecile KimPlan study for a unit made up of multiple separable pie-wedge pieces by student Cecile Kim
Collage concept from one of the possible art studio spaces observing the landscape of UI and the urban quality of the towersCollage concept from one of the possible art studio spaces observing the landscape of UI and the urban quality of the towersCollage concept from one of the possible art studio spaces observing the landscape of UI and the urban quality of the towersCollage concept from one of the possible art studio spaces observing the landscape of UI and the urban quality of the towers
Perspective showing the CISL housing lifted above a regularly changing natural layer of public space and usesPerspective showing the CISL housing lifted above a regularly changing natural layer of public space and usesPerspective showing the CISL housing lifted above a regularly changing natural layer of public space and usesPerspective showing the CISL housing lifted above a regularly changing natural layer of public space and uses
Satellite image of the RACA site illustrating the city of Phoenix as a landscape of carved symbolsSatellite image of the RACA site illustrating the city of Phoenix as a landscape of carved symbolsSatellite image of the RACA site illustrating the city of Phoenix as a landscape of carved symbolsSatellite image of the RACA site illustrating the city of Phoenix as a landscape of carved symbols